FIELD NOTES

A little more understanding.

Useful explanations that hold up after the headline. Each note links to primary references and a tool to put it into practice.

Convert megabits to megabytes, understand real download rates, and compare an internet plan with a file transfer.

Learn decimal and binary storage units, convert GB to GiB, and explain an apparent capacity difference without guessing.

Calculate file transfer time with a clear formula, compare realistic speed scenarios, and understand the limits of an estimate.

Understand password length, genuine randomness, unique credentials, password managers, and the limits of strength estimates.

Understand file selection, local hashing, third-party scripts, memory limits, and practical checks before using a browser file tool.

Calculate video size, include audio, distinguish average from peak bitrate, and plan an upload with realistic limits.